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Facial bone fractures in children

M A Fortunato, A F Fielding, L H Guernsey

    Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology
    |March 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Facial fractures in children aged 2-15 show no age susceptibility. Automobile trauma is a major cause, with boys more affected than girls, and condyle/orbit/mandible being common sites.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Traumatology
    • Craniofacial Surgery
    • Emergency Medicine

    Background:

    • Facial fractures in children are less common than in adults.
    • Previous studies suggest age-related susceptibility to pediatric facial fractures.
    • Orbital blow-out fractures are rare in young children due to underdeveloped sinuses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the epidemiology of pediatric facial fractures.
    • To identify common fracture sites, causes, and demographic patterns.
    • To compare findings with previous research on facial trauma in children.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 67 pediatric patients with facial fractures.
    • Data collection on patient age, sex, fracture site, cause, and associated injuries.

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  • Comparison of fracture patterns across different age groups and sexes.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients ranged from 2 to 15 years; no specific age group showed higher susceptibility.
    • Orbital blow-out fractures were absent in children under 7.
    • Boys were more frequently affected (2.4:1 ratio overall, 4.5:1 in 8-15 age group).
    • Common fracture sites: condyle, orbit, mandible.
    • Falls were the most frequent cause, followed by automobile-related trauma (47.7%).
    • Automobile-related fractures led to longer hospitalizations (approx. 3 days).
    • Over two-thirds of patients had associated medical/dental injuries.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatric facial fractures lack age-specific susceptibility, contrary to prior beliefs.
    • Maxillary sinus development influences orbital fracture occurrence in younger children.
    • Automobile trauma is a significant cause of pediatric facial fractures, necessitating targeted prevention.
    • Bilateral condylar fractures are common in mandibular injuries.