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Related Experiment Videos

Evolution of alkaline phosphatases in primates

D J Goldstein, C Rogers, H Harris

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |February 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human placental alkaline phosphatase is found in great apes but not other primates. A similar enzyme exists in Old World monkey lungs, suggesting recent gene evolution in mammals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a crucial enzyme with diverse tissue expression.
    • Human placental AP (PLAP) is a well-characterized form with distinct properties.
    • Understanding AP evolution across primate species provides insights into mammalian adaptation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize alkaline phosphatase in various primate tissues.
    • To compare primate APs with human placental AP.
    • To investigate the evolutionary history of AP gene expression in primates.

    Main Methods:

    • Quantitative inhibition assays
    • Thermostability studies
    • Immunological characterization
    • Comparative analysis across primate species

    Main Results:

    • Human-like placental AP found in chimpanzee and orangutan placentas, but absent in other primates.
    • A distinct AP, similar to human PLAP, is abundant in Old World monkey lungs but not New World monkey lungs.
    • Trace amounts of human PLAP-like enzyme detected in human lung tissue.

    Conclusions:

    • Primate placental AP expression is conserved in great apes.
    • Recent gene duplication and regulatory mutations likely explain the evolution of tissue-specific AP expression in mammals.
    • Comparative analysis of AP provides a model for studying recent mammalian evolution.

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