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Temporal bone characteristics in Meniere's disease

J Stahle, H F Wilbrand, H Rask-Andersen

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|January 1, 1981

Summary

Meniere's disease is linked to reduced bone air cell development (pneumatization) in the temporal bone, affecting the vestibular aqueduct. This anatomical difference may impact the endolymphatic sac's function and Meniere's disease progression.

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Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Neuroscience
Radiology

Background:

Meniere's disease is characterized by endolymphatic hydrops.
Anatomical variations in the temporal bone, particularly the vestibular aqueduct, are suspected to play a role.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the anatomical differences in the petrous portion of the temporal bone between Meniere's disease patients and healthy individuals.
To explore the potential impact of these differences on the endolymphatic sac and disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of temporal bone anatomy using roentgenologic and histologic studies.
Evaluation of periaqueductal pneumatization and vestibular aqueduct dimensions.
Assessment of endolymphatic sac location relative to the vestibular aqueduct.

Main Results:

Patients with Meniere's disease exhibit a lack of periaqueductal pneumatization and a shorter, narrower vestibular aqueduct compared to healthy individuals.
A total lack of pneumatization is common in long-standing Meniere's disease.
The endolymphatic sac may be positioned outside the vestibular aqueduct in Meniere's patients, potentially impairing its function.

Conclusions:

Reduced pneumatization and vestibular aqueduct abnormalities are characteristic of Meniere's disease.
The altered location of the endolymphatic sac may compromise its resorptive and immunodefensive functions, contributing to disease development.
Tomography can aid in surgical planning for Meniere's disease.

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