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[Aluminous cement for dental application (author's transl)]

S Takeda

    Shika Rikogaku Zasshi. Journal of the Japan Society for Dental Apparatus and Materials
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study developed a new powder-liquid root canal filling material using aluminous cement, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), and polyvinyl alcohol. The optimized material shows improved physical properties and biocompatibility for dental applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Dental Materials
    • Chemical Engineering

    Background:

    • Traditional root canal filling and pulp capping materials like zinc oxide eugenol pastes, calcium hydroxide slurry, and self-hardening polymers present clinical challenges due to biocompatibility and physical property limitations.
    • There is a continuous need for advanced dental materials that offer improved performance and safety for endodontic procedures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a novel powder-liquid root canal filling and pulp capping material based on aluminous cement, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
    • To investigate the influence of PVA concentrations and liquid-to-powder (L/P) ratios on the physical properties and biocompatibility of the developed material.

    Main Methods:

    • A powder-liquid system was formulated using aluminous cement, 20 wt% Ca(OH)2, and PVA solutions.
    • Physical properties including setting time, consistency, solubility, and compressive strength were measured.
    • Biocompatibility was assessed using a tissue culture method to evaluate cytotoxicity.

    Main Results:

    • Setting time ranged from 3 to 20 minutes, influenced by PVA concentration and L/P ratio, with longer times at higher L/P ratios.
    • Consistency varied between 18 and 51 mm, with lower L/P ratios yielding thicker consistency.
    • Solubility in distilled water and medium 199 ranged from 2.7-9.9% over one week.
    • High alkaline pH (11.0-11.5) was observed initially, decreasing to neutral in medium 199 with repeated immersion.
    • Compressive strength ranged from 26 to 278 kg/cm², increasing with higher PVA concentration and lower L/P ratio.
    • Un-set cement showed mild cytotoxicity, while set cement exhibited no significant difference compared to control cultures, indicating reduced cytotoxicity upon setting.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed aluminous cement-based material, incorporating Ca(OH)2 and PVA, demonstrates tunable physical properties and acceptable biocompatibility.
    • Optimizing PVA concentration and L/P ratio is crucial for achieving desired setting times, consistency, and compressive strength.
    • The material shows potential as a safe and effective alternative for root canal filling and pulp capping applications, with cytotoxicity decreasing as the material sets.

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