Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

Structural variations in the surface zone of human tooth enamel observed by scanning electron microscopy

D K Whittaker

    Archives of Oral Biology
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants11:19

    Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants

    Published on: June 24, 2018

    Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)08:59

    Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

    Published on: December 16, 2019

    Related Concept Videos

    Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

    Atomic Force Microscopy

    Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
    The AFM Probe
    The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
    Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

    Overview of Electron Microscopy

    The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
    Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

    Scanning Electron Microscopy

    A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
    Fundamental Principles
    Accelerated...
    Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

    Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

    To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
    Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

    Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

    Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
    Electron Tomography
    Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
    Tooth Anatomy01:21

    Tooth Anatomy

    The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
    The Crown, Neck, and Root
    The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.