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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Overview
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants
09:16

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Published on: February 21, 2015

Childhood monosomy 7 syndrome

M Gyger, Y Bonny, L Forest

    American Journal of Hematology
    |December 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Monosomy 7, a chromosomal abnormality, is linked to increased bacterial infections and preleukemic conditions in children. This condition can progress to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, indicating myeloid stem cell involvement.

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Genetics
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Chromosomal aberrations are increasingly recognized in hematologic disorders.
    • Nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities are associated with specific dyshemopoiesis and hematologic features.

    Observation:

    • Monosomy 7, initially termed Monosomy C, is a recognized chromosomal abnormality.
    • This abnormality has been described in children with a unique myeloproliferative disorder.

    Findings:

    • The most consistent finding in monosomy 7 is heightened susceptibility to bacterial infections.
    • This susceptibility is associated with preleukemic dyshemopoiesis.
    • Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is the terminal stage of this preleukemic syndrome.

    Implications:

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    • Monosomy 7 suggests a preleukemic state with implications for early diagnosis and treatment.
    • The condition points to myeloid stem cell involvement in the pathogenesis.
    • Understanding monosomy 7 is crucial for managing pediatric hematologic disorders and leukemia risk.