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Primate experiments on mandibular growth direction

B S Tomer, E P Harvold

    American Journal of Orthodontics
    |August 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Primate experiments on oral respiration.

    American journal of orthodontics·1981

    Induced oral respiration in growing monkeys altered facial development, causing chin lowering and changes in mandibular angles. This suggests distinct muscle system controls for the chin and jaw ramus.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthodontics and Dental Anthropology
    • Craniofacial Development
    • Respiratory Influences on Growth

    Background:

    • The influence of respiratory patterns on craniofacial morphology is a significant area of research.
    • Understanding the biomechanical interplay of muscles governing mandibular posture is crucial for developmental studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of induced oral respiration on the craniofacial skeletal development in growing primates.
    • To elucidate the functional independence of the suprahyoid/orofacial muscles and the masticatory muscles in response to altered respiratory function.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental induction of oral respiration in a cohort of growing monkeys.
    • Comparison of cephalometric measurements (chin position, mandibular plane angle, gonial angle) between experimental and control groups.

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  • Analysis of mandibular rotation and posterior border inclination.

    • Main Results:

    • Oral respiration induced chin lowering, increased mandibular plane angle, and a larger gonial angle compared to controls.
    • The mandible showed posterior rotation in experimental animals and anterior rotation in controls.
    • The posterior border of the mandible maintained normal inclination, suggesting unaffected masticatory muscle function.

    Conclusions:

    • Chin position and mandibular plane inclination are regulated by the balance of suprahyoid and orofacial muscles.
    • The masticatory muscles and the ramus appear to function independently of altered respiratory patterns.
    • Craniofacial structures associated with respiration and mastication represent relatively independent functional systems.