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Immunity to and immunotherapy for Rhodococcus equi

C R Wilks, M D Barton, J F Allison

    Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Immune responses in horses to Rhodococcus equi were studied. While a leucocyte extract showed promise in experimental models, it did not significantly reduce morbidity or mortality in a large field trial.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Immunology
    • Equine Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Rhodococcus equi causes significant disease in foals.
    • Understanding immune responses is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate immune responses to Rhodococcus equi in mares and foals.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of a leucocyte extract for protecting foals against R. equi infection.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed immune responses using skin tests and antibody titers in horses across seven studs.
    • Administered a leucocyte extract to foals in experimental and field trial settings.
    • Monitored morbidity and mortality rates in a large-scale field trial involving 450 foals.

    Main Results:

    • No difference in skin test prevalence between studs with and without R. equi history.
    • Higher antibody titers were observed in mares on studs with a disease history.
    • Leucocyte extract administration led to resolving lesions in experimentally challenged foals that were skin-test positive.
    • Field trial showed no significant difference in morbidity or mortality between treated and control groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinical R. equi disease in horses may stem from individual susceptibility rather than herd-level immunity.
    • Factors such as inherited immune unresponsiveness or environmental challenges could influence disease development.
    • Further research into host-specific factors influencing R. equi susceptibility is warranted.

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