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Food and immunological development

L A Hanson, B Carlsson, S P Fällström

    Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human milk provides essential secretory IgA (immunoglobulin A) antibodies, crucial for infant mucosal immunity and protection against infections. These antibodies remain vital even with maternal undernutrition, supporting infant gut health and potentially reducing allergy risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pediatrics
    • Nutrition

    Background:

    • Infants have immature immune systems, lacking sufficient secretory IgA (sIgA) for mucosal defense and IgG2 for bacterial protection.
    • Secretory IgA (sIgA) in breast milk is vital for protecting the infant's gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts against pathogens.
    • Maternal undernutrition does not significantly impact milk sIgA levels, highlighting its consistent protective role.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of secretory IgA (sIgA) in human milk for infant mucosal immunity.
    • To understand the protective mechanisms of milk antibodies against infections and potential allergies.
    • To examine the impact of maternal nutrition on milk sIgA output.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of secretory IgA (sIgA) levels in human milk.

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  • Assessment of other milk-derived defense factors.
  • Studies on infant saliva sIgA levels over several months.
  • Evaluation of milk antibodies against common food proteins like cow's milk and soy.

    • Main Results:

    • Human milk provides approximately 1 gram of secretory IgA (sIgA) daily, offering protection against intestinal microbes and food proteins.
    • Milk antibodies contribute to defense against gastrointestinal and respiratory infections.
    • Infant saliva shows low secretory IgA (sIgA) levels for the first few months of life.
    • Human milk antibodies against cow's milk and soy may reduce exposure during weaning, potentially lowering allergy risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Secretory IgA (sIgA) in breast milk is critical for establishing infant mucosal immunity and preventing infections.
    • Maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity is essential for nutrient absorption and preventing undernutrition.
    • Breast milk antibodies may play a role in mitigating food protein exposure and reducing the incidence of allergies in infants.