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Do breast and bottle fed babies require vitamin supplements?

M Orzalesi

    Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for breast-fed infants. Special vitamin and multivitamin protocols are advised for preterm and low birth weight infants, with vitamin K given at birth.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Nutrition and Supplementation
    • Pediatric Vitamins and Micronutrients

    Background:

    • Infant nutrition requires careful consideration of vitamin needs, particularly for vulnerable populations.
    • Standard feeding practices may not meet the full spectrum of micronutrient requirements for all infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline a reasonable approach to vitamin supplementation for infants based on current knowledge.
    • To provide guidance on specific vitamin needs for breast-fed, bottle-fed, preterm, and low birth weight infants.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current understanding of infant vitamin requirements.
    • Recommendations based on infant feeding type (breast milk vs. formula) and gestational age/birth weight.
    • Consideration of specific formula compositions (e.g., high PUFA, protein, iron) influencing supplementation needs.

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    Main Results:

    • Full-term breast-fed infants require vitamin D (400 IU/day).
    • Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants may need higher vitamin D, plus vitamins E, C, B6, and folic acid, especially with specialized formulas.
    • Multivitamin supplementation is acceptable for very LBW infants until specific weight or caloric intake milestones are met.
    • Routine vitamin K (0.5-1.0 mg) at birth is recommended for all infants.

    Conclusions:

    • A tiered approach to infant vitamin supplementation is necessary, tailored to feeding method and infant status.
    • Specific guidelines address vitamin D, E, C, B6, folic acid, and multivitamin needs for high-risk infants.
    • Vitamin K prophylaxis at birth remains a standard, crucial practice.