Clinical inferences from recent observations on vestibular neuro-anatomy

Recent knowledge of the neuro-anatomy of the vestibular system gained as the result of retrograde axonal tracer methods is reviewed. The new findings help explain some clinical features. The findings include separate termination in the vestibular nuclei of the first order neurons from the semicircular canals of the macular; the detailed connections between the eye cerebellar and spinal paths are commented upon.