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Membrane versus bubble oxygenator for cardiac operations. A prospective randomized study

E A Hessel, D D Johnson, T D Ivey

    The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found no significant clinical advantages of membrane oxygenators over bubble oxygenators for cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. Both devices performed acceptably, with similar patient outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Surgery
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Devices

    Background:

    • The clinical efficacy of membrane oxygenators versus bubble oxygenators for cardiopulmonary bypass remains debated.
    • Optimizing extracorporeal circulation devices is crucial for patient outcomes in cardiac surgery.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the clinical outcomes of membrane oxygenators and bubble oxygenators during cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery.
    • To evaluate differences in perioperative parameters and patient recovery between the two oxygenator types.

    Main Methods:

    • A prospective, randomized, double-blind study involving 64 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac operations.
    • Patients received either a Travenol membrane oxygenator or a Bentley bubble oxygenator.

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  • Outcomes assessed included bleeding, organ function (pulmonary, renal, cardiac), neurologic function, and hospital stay.

    • Main Results:

    • Both oxygenators functioned acceptably for an average of 115 minutes.
    • Higher relative platelet counts were observed post-bypass in coronary artery bypass grafting patients using the membrane oxygenator.
    • No significant differences were found in bleeding, organ function, neurologic status, or length of stay between the groups.

    Conclusions:

    • This study detected no significant clinical advantages of the tested membrane oxygenator compared to the bubble oxygenator for elective adult cardiac operations.
    • Further research may be needed to identify specific patient populations or surgical scenarios where membrane oxygenators offer benefits.