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Impaired cell-mediated immunity function in thyroid cancer

K Y Liaw, Y Chang-Chien, Y C Chen

    Cancer
    |July 15, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Thyroid cancer patients show normal immunoglobulin and T-cell counts, but impaired cell-mediated immunity. This immune dysfunction, indicated by reduced lymphocyte blastogenesis and skin test responses, is more pronounced with larger tumors or metastasis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Oncology
    • Cellular Biology

    Background:

    • Thyroid cancer impacts various bodily systems, including the immune system.
    • Understanding immune status in thyroid cancer patients is crucial for prognosis and treatment.
    • Previous studies have yielded mixed results on immune cell function in thyroid cancer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate immunological parameters in patients with thyroid cancer.
    • To assess T-cell and B-cell percentages, immunoglobulin levels, and cell-mediated immunity.
    • To correlate immune function with clinical factors like tumor size, metastasis, and age.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 31 thyroid cancer patients and a control group.
    • Measured serum immunoglobulin levels and peripheral blood T/B cell percentages.

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  • Assessed lymphocyte blastogenesis using phytohemagglutinin P (PHA).
  • Evaluated cell-mediated immunity via skin tests with purified-protein-derivative (PPD) and Streptokinase-Streptodornase (SK-SD).

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in immunoglobulin levels or T/B cell percentages compared to controls.
    • Significantly reduced lymphocyte blastogenesis (PHA response), particularly in patients with larger tumors, metastasis, or over age 60.
    • Markedly reduced positive rates for PPD and SK-SD skin tests.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid cancer patients exhibit impaired cell-mediated immunity despite normal T-cell counts.
    • Reduced lymphocyte blastogenesis and skin test reactivity indicate functional immune deficits.
    • These findings suggest a compromised cellular immune response in thyroid cancer, influenced by tumor burden and patient age.