Hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery. Role of preoperative propranolol therapy

Over a 9-month period, the incidence and characteristics of hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery were studied in a group of 52 patients. Hypertension occurred in 61% of the patients and was characterized by an increase in arterial blood pressure of 35 +/- 2 mm Hg mean +/- SEM during the early postoperative period. Preoperative blood pressures and hemodynamic variables were similar in those who developed hypertension of those who remained normotensive. Ninety-four percent of those who developed hypertension as compared to only 40% of those who remained normotensive received propranolol during the 24 hours preceding surgery (x2 = 15.4; p less than 0.001). Maximal blood pressures during the first 5 hours following the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly positively correlated with preoperative propranolol dosage (p less than 0.01). Hypertension was not associated with significant changes in plasma renin activity or angiotensin II levels, but concomitant plasma catecholamine concentrations were elevated significantly (p less than 0.005). However, a similar rise in plasma catecholamine concentrations was found in those who remained normotensive. Hypertension was associated with an increase in systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.001) and left ventricular stroke work index (p less than 0.05), and a fall in stroke volume (p less than 0.005) and cardiac index (p less than 0.001). These studies suggest that hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery is common, results from an increase in systemic vascular resistance, is not renin-angiotensin mediated, and may, in part, be related to preoperative propranolol administration.