Ontogeny of lymphocyte function in the equine fetus

The capacity of cells from thymus, liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and bone marrow to respond to in vitro phytolectin and allogeneic lymphocyte-stimulation was determined in 16 pony fetuses 61 to 200 days old (gestational age). Phytolectin-responsive cells were detected in the thymus at the 80th gestational day, peripheral blood at 120 days, lymph node at 160 days, and spleen at 200 days. Mixed lymphocyte culture-responsive cells were detected in thymus at 100 days and in the spleen at 200 days (gestational age). Immunoglobulins (Ig) M and IgG were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. They were detected in fetuses prior to 200 days of age. All of 50 normal newborn foals had detectable quantities of IgM (165 +/- 56 micrograms/ml of serum). Quantities of IgG in normal newborn foal serum were lower and more variable. The minimal-maximal concentrations of IgG were 2 to 170 micrograms/ml of serum with a mean and SD of 51 +/- 49 micrograms/ml. The results indicate that (1) functional T lymphocytes are present in the fetus by 100 days (gestational age), (2) functional B lymphocytes are present by 200 days, and (3) that foals are immunocompetent before birth.