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Regional lung function in asymptomatic cigarette smokers

D Seaton, C M Ogilvie

    The American Review of Respiratory Disease
    |August 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cigarette smokers show early lung abnormalities in upper lung zones, indicating potential early emphysema. This study compared ventilation and perfusion in smokers versus non-smokers.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Radiology
    • Respiratory Physiology

    Background:

    • Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for lung diseases, including emphysema.
    • Early detection of lung damage in asymptomatic smokers is crucial for intervention.
    • Standard chest radiographs may not detect early-stage pulmonary changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate regional pulmonary ventilation and perfusion differences in asymptomatic smokers compared to non-smokers.
    • To identify early signs of lung damage in smokers using xenon-133 imaging.
    • To explore the relationship between smoking and the development of early emphysema.

    Main Methods:

    • Regional pulmonary ventilation and perfusion were assessed using xenon-133 in supine subjects.
    • Ten asymptomatic cigarette smokers with normal chest radiographs were studied.

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  • Results were compared with age-matched lifelong non-smoker control subjects.

    • Main Results:

    • Smokers exhibited significantly reduced ventilation in upper lung zones compared to lower zones.
    • Control subjects showed no significant difference in ventilation between upper and lower zones.
    • Smokers did not display the increased upper zone lung perfusion observed in control subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • Asymptomatic smokers demonstrate distinct regional ventilation and perfusion abnormalities.
    • These upper lung zone abnormalities are consistent with the early stages of emphysema development.
    • Xenon-133 imaging can detect subclinical pulmonary changes in smokers.