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Adequate bone mineralization in breast-fed infants

C C Roberts, G M Chan, D Folland

    The Journal of Pediatrics
    |August 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Routine vitamin D supplementation may not be necessary for breast-fed infants. This study found similar bone mineralization in infants fed human milk alone, with vitamin D, or formula, suggesting adequate nutrient intake from human milk.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Nutritional Science
    • Bone Metabolism

    Background:

    • Human milk is a primary nutrient source for infants.
    • Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and calcium absorption.
    • Concerns exist regarding vitamin D sufficiency in exclusively breast-fed infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess if human milk alone provides adequate nutrients for bone mineralization in healthy term infants.
    • To compare bone mineral content (BMC) and serum nutrient levels across different infant feeding groups.
    • To evaluate the necessity of routine vitamin D supplementation for breast-fed infants.

    Main Methods:

    • A study involving 76 Caucasian term infants evaluated at 2 and 16 weeks of age.
    • Infants were divided into three groups: human milk only, human milk with vitamin D, and formula (Similac).

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  • Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured using photon absorptiometry, alongside serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-OH vitamin D levels.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in BMC were observed among the three feeding groups at 2 or 16 weeks.
    • Serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels were similar across groups at 16 weeks.
    • Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were lower in the human milk-only group but remained within the normal adult range.

    Conclusions:

    • Human milk alone appears to support adequate bone mineralization in healthy term Caucasian infants during the first 16 weeks of life.
    • Routine vitamin D supplementation may not be essential for these infants.
    • Further research could explore long-term bone health outcomes.