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Reversible colour vision defects in obstructive jaundice

L Varnek, H Ring-Larsen, L Christiansen

    Acta Ophthalmologica
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Obstructive jaundice can cause acquired color vision deficiency (ACVD), often a tritan-type defect. This color vision impairment resolves when jaundice and high bilirubin levels decrease, indicating a direct link to bilirubin, not vitamin A deficiency.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Obstructive jaundice, characterized by elevated serum bilirubin, can affect various bodily functions.
    • Previous research has explored potential links between jaundice and visual disturbances, including color vision.
    • The role of vitamin A deficiency in visual impairment associated with liver disease has been considered.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the ocular function, specifically color vision, in patients with obstructive jaundice.
    • To determine the relationship between acquired color vision deficiency (ACVD) and serum bilirubin levels.
    • To differentiate the cause of ACVD in jaundiced patients, exploring potential roles of bilirubin versus vitamin A deficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 14 non-alcoholic patients with common bile duct occlusion and 3 with cholestatic viral hepatitis.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test to assess color vision.
  • Conducted comprehensive ophthalmological examinations including visual acuity, visual field, slit lamp microscopy, intraocular pressure, ophthalmoscopy, and tear secretion tests.

    • Main Results:

    • 12 out of 17 patients exhibited acquired color vision deficiency (ACVD), primarily tritan-type.
    • All tested patients had normal visual acuity, visual fields, and normal serum vitamin A levels.
    • Color vision normalized in 4 patients after the resolution of obstructive jaundice and decreased bilirubin levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Acquired color vision deficiency in obstructive jaundice is directly correlated with serum bilirubin levels.
    • Vitamin A deficiency is not the primary cause of ACVD in these patients.
    • The reversibility of ACVD upon resolution of jaundice highlights the impact of hyperbilirubinemia on color perception.