Recent advances in neuro-otology

Four advances in the field of neuro-otology are described: (1) auditory brain-stem response audiometry, (2) electroneuronography, (3) the cochlear implant, and (4) the infratemporal fossa approach to the skull base. Auditory brain-stem response audiometry is an accurate method for the early detection of hearing impairment and early diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas. Electroneuronography accurately assesses the degree of injury to the facial nerve, thereby improving management of facial nerve lesions. The cochlear implant restores the sensation of sound to totally deaf patients. The infratemporal fossa approach is used to treat extensive lesions of the skull base.