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Cell-mediated immunity in alopecia areata

R D'Ovidio, G A Vena, G Angelini

    Archives of Dermatological Research
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cell-mediated immunity is impaired in alopecia areata (AA), with reduced blastic responses to mitogens and fewer T-lymphocytes in active cases. These immune system changes occur regardless of the disease phase.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition affecting hair follicles.
    • Understanding the role of cell-mediated immunity in AA pathogenesis is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate cell-mediated immunity in patients with scalp alopecia areata.
    • To evaluate T-lymphocyte subsets and their function in different phases of AA.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 69 subjects with alopecia areata.
    • Assessed blastic responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM).
    • Utilized total and active E-rosettes tests to quantify T-lymphocytes, including Tgamma and theophylline-sensitive subsets.

    Main Results:

    • Significantly reduced blastic responses to PHA, Con A, and PWM were observed in AA patients, irrespective of disease phase.
    • Active AA showed a significant reduction in total T-lymphocytes.
    • Reduced mean values for Tgamma and theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes were noted in active AA patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Cell-mediated immunity is demonstrably altered in alopecia areata.
    • Specific T-lymphocyte populations are reduced, particularly in active disease stages.
    • These immune dysregulations may contribute to the pathophysiology of alopecia areata.

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