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Related Experiment Videos

Chromatin changes in apoptosis

A H Wyllie, G J Beattie, A D Hargreaves

    The Histochemical Journal
    |July 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Glucocorticoid hormones trigger nuclear changes in apoptosis, including DNA excision into nucleosome chains. This programmed cell death process requires macromolecular synthesis and involves chromatin condensation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, involves significant cellular and nuclear morphological changes.
    • Glucocorticoid hormones are known inducers of apoptosis in lymphoid cells.
    • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of nuclear fragmentation during apoptosis is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the specific nuclear events occurring during glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis.
    • To identify the enzymes and pathways involved in DNA degradation during programmed cell death.
    • To compare glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis with other forms of programmed cell death.

    Main Methods:

    • Treatment of murine lymphoid cell lines and rat thymocytes with glucocorticoid hormones in vitro.
    • Morphological analysis of nuclear changes, including nucleolus disintegration and chromatin condensation.
    • Biochemical analysis of DNA fragmentation patterns and identification of involved nucleases.
    • Investigation of the requirement for macromolecular synthesis and potential signaling pathways.

    Main Results:

    • Glucocorticoid treatment induced nucleolar disintegration and generalized chromatin condensation.
    • Nuclear DNA was excised into short, organized chains of nucleosomes by an endogenous nuclease.
    • The process was dependent on macromolecular synthesis, suggesting involvement of gene activation pathways.
    • Similar chromatin condensation and DNA excision were observed with the calcium-magnesium ionophore A23187.

    Conclusions:

    • Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis involves specific nuclear changes, including DNA fragmentation into nucleosome chains.
    • An endogenous nuclease and macromolecular synthesis are critical for this process.
    • The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death and chromatin remodeling.

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