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Circulating and tissue immune complexes in leprosy

S Sehgal, B Kumar

    International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases : Official Organ of the International Leprosy Association
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Leprosy patients exhibit elevated immunoglobulin levels and circulating immune complexes, suggesting immune dysregulation. These findings highlight potential targets for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing new therapies.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Leprosy, particularly the lepromatous form, is characterized by complex immunological alterations.
    • Understanding these immune responses is crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate various immunological parameters in lepromatous leprosy patients.
    • To identify potential biomarkers and pathogenic mechanisms associated with the disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of major immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and IgD levels.
    • Detection of latex agglutination reactions (RA), parietal cell antibodies, and complement deviation tests.
    • Assessment of platelet aggregation and in vivo/in vitro antinuclear antibodies (ANA).

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  • Immunohistochemical examination of immunoglobulin and complement deposition in dermal vessels.

    • Main Results:

    • A polyclonal increase in major immunoglobulins was observed, while IgD remained unchanged.
    • Increased frequency of positive RA, parietal cell antibodies, and positive complement deviation tests.
    • Evidence of circulating immune complexes indicated by elevated platelet aggregation titers.
    • Deposition of immunoglobulins and complement in dermal microvasculature (capillaries and small arterioles) in a significant subset of patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Lepromatous leprosy is associated with significant immune dysregulation, including polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and the presence of circulating immune complexes.
    • Immunoglobulin and complement deposition in dermal microvasculature suggests a role in local tissue pathology.
    • Findings support the involvement of immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of lepromatous leprosy.