Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
08:52

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Cytotoxic T-memory cells in virus infection and the specificity of helper T cells

B A Askonas, A Mullbacher, R B Ashman

    Immunology
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed

    Infective influenza virus primes mice and increases at least ten-fold the level of splenic cytotoxic T-memory and precursor cells in comparison with normal mice. Intranasal virus infection or intraperitoneal injection of infective virus results in frequencies of 1-2 x 10(-4) cytotoxic T-cell precursors in spleen as determined by limiting dilution assays. With both types of immunization, T-helper cells amplifying the generation of T-killer cells are limiting, and optimal clone frequencies depend on addition of excess T-helper cells. We find that at least part of the T-helper cells amplifying the generation of cytotoxic T cells are cross reactive for the type A influenza viruses and therefore have a similar virus specificity to type A influenza-specific cytotoxic T cells (tc). Help for T-killer cells can be replaced by supernatants derived from Concanavalin A-stimulated rat spleen cells, but presence of antigen is still required to stimulate the Tc precursor or memory cells before they respond to antigen non-specific T cell-growth factor(s) present in the stimulated rat spleen cell medium.

    More Related Videos

    Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses10:13

    Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

    Published on: May 6, 2019

    Accessing Early Differentiation of Virus-Specific Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cell in Acute LCMV-Infected Mice05:03

    Accessing Early Differentiation of Virus-Specific Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cell in Acute LCMV-Infected Mice

    Published on: April 26, 2024

    Related Concept Videos

    Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

    Cell-mediated Immune Responses

    Overview
    Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

    Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

    The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
    The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
    T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

    T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

    T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
    Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
    T Cell Types and Functions01:24

    T Cell Types and Functions

    When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
    Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
    Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

    Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

    Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
    Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
    Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

    Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

    The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
    NK Cells
    NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...