Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2026

Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
09:16

Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System

Published on: May 6, 2015

Psychophysical evidence for more than two kinds of cone in dichromatic color blindness

F S Frome, T P Piantanida, D H Kelley

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 22, 1982
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings08:33

    Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings

    Published on: February 26, 2016

    Visualizing Visual Adaptation04:43

    Visualizing Visual Adaptation

    Published on: April 24, 2017

    Related Concept Videos

    The Retina01:32

    The Retina

    The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
    Vision01:24

    Vision

    Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
    Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

    Anatomy of the Eyeball

    The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
    Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

    Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

    At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
    Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

    Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

    Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
    Color Vision01:24

    Color Vision

    Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.