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Cellular localization of rheumatoid factor idiotypes

V R Bonagura, H G Kunkel, B Pernis

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Stimulating lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients with pokeweed mitogen generates plasma cells expressing a cross-reactive idiotype. These cells, unlike those from normal individuals, show distinct idiotype expression, aiding cellular studies.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Rheumatology

    Background:

    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves immune system dysregulation.
    • Mixed cryoglobulinemia is characterized by monoclonal IgM autoantibodies.
    • Cross-reactive idiotypes (CRIs) are shared antigen-binding site determinants on antibodies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the expression of a dominant CRI on lymphocytes from RA patients.
    • To compare CRI expression in RA patients with normal individuals and mixed cryoglobulinemia patients.
    • To explore the potential of anti-idiotypic antibodies in cellular studies of RA.

    Main Methods:

    • Lymphocyte stimulation using pokeweed mitogen (PWM).
    • Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining with anti-idiotypic antibodies and aggregated gamma-globulin.

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  • Analysis of plasma cell populations in rheumatoid arthritis patients, normal individuals, and mixed cryoglobulinemia patients.

    • Main Results:

    • PWM-stimulated lymphocytes from RA patients produced significantly more plasma cells expressing the dominant CRI compared to normal individuals.
    • Rheumatoid factor (RF) was not detected by aggregate staining in PWM-stimulated cells from RA or mixed cryoglobulinemia patients, despite CRI expression.
    • Native plasma cells from RA synovial tissue showed co-expression of CRI and aggregate staining.

    Conclusions:

    • PWM-stimulated plasma cells in RA patients express a dominant CRI, suggesting its potential role in the disease.
    • Failure to detect RF in stimulated cells may be due to immature plasma cells lacking sufficient polymeric IgM.
    • Anti-idiotypic antibodies are valuable tools for cellular studies of RA, particularly for detecting monomeric antibody forms.