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Skeletal changes in preterm infants

W W Koo, J M Gupta, V V Nayanar

    Archives of Disease in Childhood
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Very low birthweight infants receiving vitamin D supplements can still develop rickets. Skeletal demineralization and rickets were observed in some infants, indicating unknown causes for these bone issues.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatalogy
    • Pediatric Radiology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Very low birthweight (VLBW) infants are susceptible to skeletal complications.
    • Rickets is a concern in VLBW infants, even with vitamin D supplementation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate skeletal changes in VLBW infants.
    • To identify risk factors associated with skeletal demineralization and rickets in VLBW infants.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical, biochemical, and radiological assessments were performed on 19 VLBW infants from birth to 10 weeks.
    • Infants received 800 IU of vitamin D daily from 2 weeks of age.
    • Radiographs were analyzed for signs of skeletal demineralization and rickets.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Six infants showed radiological evidence of skeletal demineralization; one had severe rickets, and another had rickets with fractures.
    • Infants with abnormal radiographs had shorter gestational periods, lower birthweights, more clinical problems, and delayed feeding progression.
    • Higher serum alkaline phosphatase levels were noted at 5 weeks in infants with abnormal radiographs.

    Conclusions:

    • Skeletal demineralization and rickets can occur in VLBW infants despite vitamin D supplementation.
    • Lower birthweight and gestational age are associated with increased risk of skeletal lesions.
    • The exact cause of skeletal lesions in VLBW infants remains undetermined.