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Immune complexes in coccidioidomycosis. Correlation with disease involvement

R A Cox, R M Pope, D A Stevens

    The American Review of Respiratory Disease
    |September 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Active coccidioidomycosis correlates with circulating immune complexes, detected by Clq-binding assays. Immune complex levels increase with the number of organ systems involved, suggesting a link to disease severity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Mycology
    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States.
    • Circulating immune complexes (CICs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases.
    • Quantifying CICs may offer insights into coccidioidomycosis activity and severity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and levels of CICs in patients with active and inactive coccidioidomycosis.
    • To determine the correlation between CICs and disease extent, clinical presentation, and serological markers.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum samples from 73 patients with active coccidioidomycosis, 5 with inactive disease, and 34 healthy controls were analyzed.
    • Clq-binding assays were employed to quantify circulating immune complexes.

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  • Serum IgG levels and complement-fixing antibody titers to coccidioidin were also measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Immune complexes were detected in 44% of patients with active pulmonary coccidioidomycosis and 40% with disseminated disease.
    • No significant CICs were found in inactive disease or healthy controls.
    • CIC levels positively correlated with the number of organ systems involved and serum IgG, but showed a bell-shaped distribution with complement-fixing antibody titers.

    Conclusions:

    • Circulating immune complexes are prevalent in active coccidioidomycosis and correlate with disease severity.
    • The relationship between CICs and antibody titers suggests antibody concentration influences CIC formation and clearance.
    • CICs may serve as a biomarker for monitoring coccidioidomycosis activity and extent.