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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Surgical Induction of Endolymphatic Hydrops by Obliteration of the Endolymphatic Duct

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Acute seismic sensitivity in the bullfrog ear

H Koyama, E R Lewis, E L Leverenz

|October 28, 1982

Summary

American bullfrog auditory/vestibular nerve axons show extreme sensitivity to ground vibrations. These specialized nerve fibers, originating from the inner ear, detect vibrations at accelerations as low as 0.005 cm/s2.

Area of Science:

Auditory Neuroscience
Bioacoustics
Vertebrate Sensory Physiology

Background:

The auditory/vestibular nerve transmits sensory information from the inner ear to the brain.
Previous research indicated bullfrog auditory nerve axons are sensitive to airborne sound.
Substrate-borne vibration sensitivity in vertebrates is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the sensitivity of single axons in the American bullfrog's auditory/vestibular nerve to substrate-borne vibrations.
To determine the origin of vibration-sensitive axons within the bullfrog inner ear.
To quantify the detection threshold for substrate-borne vibrations in these axons.

Main Methods:

Single axon recordings from the auditory/vestibular nerve of the American bullfrog.

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Stimulation using controlled substrate-borne vibratory sinusoids.

Dye-injection tracing to identify the origin of responsive axons in the saccular and lagenar maculae.

Main Results:

Single axons in the auditory/vestibular nerve demonstrated unprecedented sensitivity to substrate-borne vibration.
These highly sensitive axons originate from the saccular and lagenar maculae.
Detection thresholds as low as 0.005 cm/s2 peak acceleration were recorded for vibratory stimuli.

Conclusions:

The American bullfrog possesses specialized nerve fibers in its auditory/vestibular system for detecting minute substrate-borne vibrations.
These findings reveal a remarkable sensory capability in a quadruped vertebrate, exceeding previously reported thresholds.
The saccular and lagenar maculae are key structures involved in processing substrate-borne vibrational cues in bullfrogs.