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[Thyroid involvement in histiocytosis X]

F Deméocq, O Boespflug, P Vanlieferinghen

    Archives Francaises De Pediatrie
    |August 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reports a rare case of thyroid involvement in a child with histiocytosis X. The condition caused goiter and hypothyroidism due to direct tumor invasion of the thyroid gland.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Pediatric Oncology
    • Histiocytosis

    Background:

    • Histiocytosis X, now known as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), is a rare clonal proliferative disorder of Langerhans cells.
    • Endocrine dysfunction is a common manifestation of LCH, often involving the pituitary and hypothalamus.
    • Thyroid involvement in LCH is exceptionally rare.

    Observation:

    • A 10-year-old boy presented with goiter and hypothyroidism.
    • These symptoms followed initial diagnoses of diabetes insipidus and growth hormone deficiency.
    • Diagnostic evaluation revealed direct tumor invasion of the thyroid gland as the cause of hypothyroidism.

    Findings:

    • The patient's hypothyroidism was solely attributed to histiocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland.
    • Other endocrine abnormalities, including diabetes insipidus and growth hormone deficiency, were consistent with hypothalamic histiocytic infiltration.
    • This case highlights a rare presentation of disseminated histiocytosis X with significant thyroid involvement.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering thyroid function in the endocrine workup of children with disseminated histiocytosis X.
    • Early recognition and management of thyroid involvement are crucial for preventing long-term complications.
    • Further research into the mechanisms and prevalence of thyroid involvement in LCH may be warranted.

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