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Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus: randomized controlled treatment study at term

G B Merenstein, W A Todd, G Brown

    Obstetrics and Gynecology
    |March 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Maternal oral antibiotics significantly reduced group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in mothers and newborns. This suggests prophylactic treatment for GBS-positive mothers at 38 weeks gestation can prevent infant GBS infection.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common cause of maternal and neonatal infections.
    • Preventing GBS colonization is crucial for reducing adverse perinatal outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of maternal oral antibiotic therapy in reducing GBS colonization at term.
    • To determine the optimal transfer media and colonization rates for GBS.

    Main Methods:

    • A randomized controlled trial involving 1441 maternal-infant pairs.
    • Mothers colonized with GBS at 38 weeks gestation received oral penicillin or erythromycin.
    • Maternal and infant GBS colonization rates were assessed.

    Main Results:

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    • A significant reduction in maternal (P = 0.008) and infant (P = 0.004) GBS colonization was observed in the treatment group.
    • No complications were reported in mothers or infants receiving antibiotic therapy.
    • Routine GBS cultures at 38 weeks gestation are recommended.

    Conclusions:

    • Antepartum oral antibiotic therapy effectively decreases maternal and neonatal GBS colonization.
    • Prophylactic antibiotic treatment is a viable strategy for GBS-positive mothers.
    • Routine GBS screening at 38 weeks gestation should be implemented.