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[Hyperglycemia of the dehydrated infant]

S Villalpando Hernández, A Hernández Zamora, O Vázquez

    Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil De Mexico
    |March 1, 1980
    PubMed

    Insights

    Acute dehydration from gastroenteritis can cause hyperglycemia, a stress response likely driven by cortisol and inhibited insulin secretion. These glucose levels normalize after rehydration.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Pediatrics
    • Gastroenterology

    Context:

    • Dehydration, particularly from gastroenteritis, often presents with altered glucose metabolism.
    • Hypovolemic shock in children due to diarrhea is a critical condition requiring metabolic assessment.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the relationship between hyperglycemia, hormonal responses, and dehydration in children with gastroenteritis.
    • To explore the role of cortisol and insulin in stress-induced hyperglycemia during hypovolemic shock.

    Summary:

    • This study examined 33 children in hypovolemic shock from diarrhea, finding hyperglycemia (serum glucose >140 mg/100 ml) in 41% of patients.
    • Hyperglycemic patients exhibited significantly higher plasma cortisol levels compared to those with normal glucose.
    • Despite hyperglycemia, insulin levels were not consistently elevated, suggesting a complex endocrine response to stress.

    Impact:

    • Findings suggest hyperglycemia in this context is a stress response, influenced by cortisol and catecholamines, rather than solely indicative of diabetes.
    • Understanding these metabolic disturbances aids in managing dehydration and associated complications in pediatric gastroenteritis.
    • Normalization of glucose levels post-rehydration highlights the transient nature of this hyperglycemic state.

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