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Evolutionary prerequisites for early Phanerozoic calcareous skeletons

H A Lowenstam, L Margulis

    Bio Systems
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    The evolution of intracellular calcium regulation, particularly calcium-modulated proteins with "EF hands", enabled the dramatic appearance of calcareous skeletons in the Lower Cambrian period. This physiological advancement, alongside predation, fueled early calcified animal diversification.

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Biomineralization
    • Cell Physiology

    Background:

    • The Lower Cambrian period witnessed a rapid diversification of metazoans, including the sudden appearance of organisms with calcareous skeletons.
    • Understanding the precise triggers for this biomineralization event is crucial for comprehending early animal evolution.

    Observation:

    • A homologous family of calcium-modulated proteins, characterized by "EF hands", has been identified.
    • These proteins play a key role in maintaining low intracellular calcium concentrations and regulating calcium ion flow.
    • The fossil record indicates the timing of the first appearance of calcareous mineralization across different phyla.

    Findings:

    • The origin of sophisticated intracellular calcium modulation mechanisms is directly linked to the emergence of calcareous skeletons.

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  • Specialized calcium physiology, particularly in muscle systems, served as a preadaptation for calcification.
  • Predation acted as a selective pressure, driving the diversification of calcified metazoans during the Tommotian period.

    • Implications:

    • The evolution of cellular calcium regulation was a prerequisite for the development of macroscopic calcified hard parts.
    • This study provides insights into the interplay between physiological innovation and ecological pressures in driving evolutionary radiations.
    • The findings contribute to our understanding of the early evolution of skeletal structures and metazoan body plans.