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Related Experiment Videos

Prosthetic valve endocarditis

H Masur, W D Johnson

    The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is deadly, often caused by resistant bacteria. Vancomycin shows sensitivity, but high mortality suggests early valve replacement is crucial for most patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Cardiac Surgery

    Background:

    • Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
    • Understanding causative agents and risk factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the diagnosis, therapy, and complications of PVE.
    • To identify factors associated with mortality in PVE patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 48 PVE cases diagnosed between 1962 and 1978.
    • Analysis of causative microorganisms, treatment responses, and clinical outcomes.

    Main Results:

    • Staphylococcus epidermidis and diphtheroids were common PVE pathogens, often resistant to penicillins/cephalosporins but sensitive to vancomycin.

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  • Overall mortality was 69%, with CNS emboli and cardiac causes predominating.
  • High mortality (>75%) linked to aortic valve infection, non-streptococcal agents, regurgitant murmurs, or CHF.
  • Lower mortality in streptococcal PVE (29%) and mitral valve PVE (49%).

    • Conclusions:

    • PVE carries a high mortality rate, necessitating aggressive management strategies.
    • Early prosthetic valve replacement should be strongly considered for most PVE cases, except select uncomplicated streptococcal or mitral valve infections.