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Transport functions of the gallbladder

R A Frizzell, K Heintze

    International Review of Physiology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    The gallbladder concentrates bile by absorbing sodium chloride (NaCl) and water. This process, driven by coupled NaCl transport, reduces bile volume by up to 90% and is key to digestive fluid balance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • The gallbladder concentrates bile salts by absorbing NaCl and water.
    • This absorption reduces hepatic bile volume by 80%-90% during interprandial periods.
    • Understanding gallbladder absorptive mechanisms is crucial for digestive physiology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the NaCl cotransport mechanism in gallbladder epithelium.
    • To investigate the driving forces and regulation of electrolyte and water absorption.
    • To explore the role of gallbladder function in duodenal lumen neutralization.

    Main Methods:

    • Studies employed gallbladders from various species, with a focus on rabbit gallbladder.
    • Electrophysiological techniques were used to study ion transport across the mucosal membrane.
    • Investigations included the effects of humoral and pharmacological agents on transport.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence supports a coupled, one-for-one NaCl entry process at the mucosal membrane.
    • Active Na+ extrusion drives cellular Cl- accumulation and transepithelial Cl- transport.
    • Water absorption is passive, osmotically coupled to electrolyte transport, driven by localized hypertonicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Gallbladder absorbs NaCl and water isosmotically via coupled cotransport, concentrating bile.
    • Departures from neutral salt absorption may involve additional diffusional pathways.
    • Gallbladder absorptive function is subject to physiological regulation, influencing duodenal pH.

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