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Understanding visual metaphor: developmental and individual differences

N Kogan, K Connor, A Gross

    Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Metaphoric Triads Task (MTT) effectively assesses metaphoric comprehension in individuals aged 7.5 to 28. Training and specific task modifications significantly improve performance, particularly in younger children.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Educational Psychology

    Background:

    • Metaphoric comprehension is a key aspect of cognitive development and language acquisition.
    • Existing methods for assessing metaphoric understanding often lack comprehensive evaluation.
    • Cognitive-style research provides a framework for developing new assessment tools.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the development and validation of the Metaphoric Triads Task (MTT).
    • To assess the reliability, validity, and age-related performance on the MTT.
    • To explore the relationship between MTT performance and other cognitive and linguistic abilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of the Metaphoric Triads Task (MTT), a visual instrument using triads of stimuli.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Administration of the MTT to 12 diverse samples, ranging from children to adults (7.5 to 28 years).
  • Internal consistency and interjudge reliability analyses, correlational studies with other cognitive measures, and experimental training interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • The MTT demonstrated satisfactory reliability and internal consistency.
    • Significant age-related improvements in MTT scores were observed, with negligible sex differences.
    • MTT performance correlated positively with analogy solving, divergent thinking, and categorization skills, and showed convergent validity with verbal metaphor tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • The Metaphoric Triads Task (MTT) is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing metaphoric comprehension.
    • Performance on the MTT develops progressively with age and is linked to broader cognitive abilities.
    • Targeted training, including exhaustive pairing, feedback, and verbal labels, significantly enhances performance, especially in younger children.