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Lung Capacity01:47

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Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Respiratory Capacities01:24

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Differentiation Capacity of Human Aortic Perivascular Adipose Progenitor Cells
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Population aspects of human working capacity

R J Shephard

    Annals of Human Biology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human physical working capacity is influenced by genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Studies highlight challenges in measurement and the complex interplay of factors affecting performance across populations.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Anthropology
    • Human Biology

    Background:

    • Human physical working capacity is a key indicator of health and adaptation.
    • Understanding population-level variations requires considering multiple influencing factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review population measurements of human physical working capacity.
    • To identify methodological challenges and influencing factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing population measurements.
    • Analysis of factors including genetics, environment, and socio-economic determinants.
    • Examination of adaptations to diverse climates and altitudes.

    Main Results:

    • Methodological issues include sample size, bias, criteria selection, and standardization.

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  • Genetic and environmental factors significantly impact working capacity.
  • Nutrition, activity, and climate are key socio-economic and environmental determinants.

    • Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to clarify the relative importance of phenotypic and genotypic adaptation.
    • International Biological Programme studies advanced methodology and understanding of human-environment interactions.