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Experimental chronic rabies in the cat

F A Murphy, J F Bell, S P Bauer

    Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology
    |September 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chronic rabies in cats can lead to prolonged survival with neurological damage. This study observed cats with rabies virus, showing persistent antibody responses and distinct central nervous system lesions.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Neurology
    • Virology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Rabies virus typically causes acute, fatal encephalitis in mammals.
    • Limited information exists on the long-term course and neuropathology of rabies in naturally infected animals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the clinical, immunological, and neuropathological findings in cats experimentally infected with a street rabies virus strain.
    • To characterize the chronic progressive nature of rabies in these feline models.

    Main Methods:

    • Two cats were inoculated with a street rabies virus strain.
    • Clinical signs, antibody titers (serum, cerebrospinal fluid), virus isolation, antigen detection, and neuropathological examination were performed.
    • Histopathology included assessment of neuronal damage, inflammation, and inclusion bodies.

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    Main Results:

    • Cats survived for 136 weeks with progressive debility and muscle atrophy.
    • Increasing neutralizing antibody titers were detected in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain.
    • Virus was isolated from brain tissue, and antigen was detected in multiple central nervous system sites.
    • Neuropathology revealed neuronal degeneration, neuronophagia, inclusion bodies, and significant inflammatory infiltrates, including plasma cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental chronic progressive rabies in cats presents with prolonged survival and distinct neuropathological features.
    • The observed lesions and clinical course share similarities with human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, differing from typical acute rabies encephalitis.