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Malignant hyperthermia

G A Gronert

    Anesthesiology
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a severe reaction to anesthesia, causing rapid muscle rigidity and extreme heat. Dantrolene is the specific treatment, targeting muscle calcium regulation to manage this genetic disorder.

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    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology
    • Pharmacology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a hypermetabolic crisis of skeletal muscle.
    • MH episodes are triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine in susceptible individuals.
    • Genetic factors influence MH inheritance in humans and swine.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the pathophysiology, triggers, diagnosis, and management of malignant hyperthermia.
    • To discuss the role of calcium regulation and genetic factors in MH.
    • To outline anesthetic management for MH-susceptible patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on malignant hyperthermia.
    • Analysis of diagnostic criteria including temperature, acid-base, and muscle aberrations.

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  • Evaluation of treatment strategies, including dantrolene and symptomatic care.

    • Main Results:

    • MH involves increased muscle oxygen consumption, lactate production, heat, and acidosis.
    • Calcium regulation failure within muscle fibers is the leading theory for MH.
    • Swine models show MH triggered by stress factors like heat and hypoxia.

    Conclusions:

    • MH diagnosis relies on clinical signs and laboratory findings.
    • Dantrolene is the primary treatment, directly impacting muscle calcium.
    • Careful anesthetic selection and preoperative dantrolene are crucial for susceptible patients.