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Transcription of tRNA genes in vivo: single-stranded compared to double-stranded templates

R Cortese, R Harland, D Melton

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed

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    Transcription01:10

    Transcription

    Overview
    Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
    Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
    Complementary DNA01:44

    Complementary DNA

    Overview
    Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

    Transfer RNA Synthesis

    One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
    Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
    Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

    Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

    Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
    There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
    Transcription01:17

    Transcription

    Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
    Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
    In eukaryotes,...
    Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

    Transfer RNA Synthesis

    One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
    Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...