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Glutamate in hippocampal pathways

J Storm-Mathisen

    Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acidic amino acid uptake occurs in hippocampal excitatory neuron terminals, suggesting glutamate or aspartate as neurotransmitters. This uptake pattern contrasts with GABA uptake in inhibitory neurons.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurochemistry
    • Hippocampal formation research

    Background:

    • The hippocampal formation contains key excitatory neuronal projections: the perforant path, mossy fibres, and pyramidal cell axons.
    • Acidic amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, are suspected neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
    • Previous studies suggested glutamate/aspartate as transmitters in the perforant path and pyramidal cell axons.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and localization of acidic amino acid uptake in hippocampal excitatory neuronal terminals.
    • To compare the uptake patterns of acidic amino acids with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in hippocampal neurons.

    Main Methods:

    • Examined acidic amino acid uptake in the terminals of perforant path, mossy fibres, and pyramidal cell axons.
    • Investigated the localization of GABA uptake in inhibitory basket cells and other short axon neurons.

    Main Results:

    • All three main excitatory neuronal projections (perforant path, mossy fibres, pyramidal cell axons) demonstrated acidic amino acid uptake.
    • Glutamate and/or aspartate uptake was confirmed in perforant path and pyramidal cell axon terminals.
    • GABA uptake was localized to the axons of inhibitory basket cells and other short axon neurons, distinct from excitatory pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Acidic amino acid uptake in excitatory axon terminals supports their role as neurotransmitters in these pathways.
    • The role of acidic amino acids in mossy fibre transmission remains to be fully elucidated.
    • Distinct localization of acidic amino acid and GABA uptake highlights differential neurotransmitter systems in the hippocampus.

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