Description and clinical evaluation of a new continuous positive airway pressure device

A new CPAP device is described which is simple, lightweight, easily constructed, and not functionally dependent on gravity or valves. The device consists of a conventional T-piece into which a small nozzle is placed opposite, but projecting towards, the patient connection. When a flow of oxygen is delivered through the nozzle, continuous positive pressure within the airway results. The device was evaluated with a mechanical lung model, in human volunteers using various breathing patterns and in intubated patients requiring transport within the hospital. In all three situations, the device provided 7-15 torr end-expiratory pressure and an FIO2 of 0.40-0.90 using oxygen flow rates of 10-30 L/min. The device is safe, reliable, and can be easily adapted to provide IMV when required. Clinical applications are discussed.