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Related Experiment Videos

Development changes in the febrile response to endotoxin in rabbit

A Nishio, S Kanoh

    The Japanese Journal of Physiology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Newborn rabbits exhibit fever in response to E. coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), indicating pyrogenic sensitivity from birth. Thermoregulation mechanisms shift from non-shivering to shivering thermogenesis within the first month of life.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Physiology
    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • E. coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is a potent pyrogen.
    • Understanding endotoxin-induced fever (endotoxin-fever) in developing organisms is crucial for neonatal care.
    • The thermoregulatory mechanisms in neonatal rabbits are not fully elucidated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the pyrogenicity of E. coli endotoxin in rabbits at different developmental stages.
    • To determine the age-dependent changes in endotoxin-induced fever and its underlying thermogenic mechanisms.
    • To assess the role of adrenergic blockers in modulating endotoxin-fever in neonatal rabbits.

    Main Methods:

    • Rabbits from day -1 (in utero) to adult were injected with E. coli endotoxin via intravenous, subcutaneous, or intracisternal routes.
    • Rectal temperature, ear skin temperature, and shivering activity were monitored.
    • The effects of propranolol and phentolamine on endotoxin-fever were evaluated at various ages.

    Main Results:

    • Endotoxin induced febrile responses in rabbits from day -1 onwards at neutral temperatures, but not at 25°C.
    • The magnitude of fever increased with age.
    • Propranolol abolished fever in day 3 rabbits but was less effective in older rabbits.
    • Phentolamine showed varied effects, reducing fever in day 14 rabbits.
    • Shivering thermogenesis became more prominent with age, while non-shivering thermogenesis mediated by catecholamines was dominant in younger rabbits.

    Conclusions:

    • Pyrogenic sensitivity to endotoxin is present from before birth in rabbits.
    • The thermoregulatory response to endotoxin matures significantly during the first month of life.
    • A developmental shift occurs in the primary mechanism of heat production, from non-shivering to shivering thermogenesis.

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