Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

Effect of baricity on spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine

W A Chambers, H H Edstrom, D B Scott

    British Journal of Anaesthesia
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Disruption of the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Using Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model09:03

    Disruption of the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Using Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model

    Published on: March 10, 2023

    Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia03:14

    Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia

    Published on: January 31, 2025

    Related Concept Videos

    Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

    Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

    Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
    Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

    Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

    Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
    Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

    Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

    Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
    Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
    Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

    Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

    Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
    Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

    Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

    Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
    Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
    Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

    Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

    Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
    One of the advantages of...