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Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

Thermosensation

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...

Sensory Functions of the Skin

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.

Sensation

Sensation

Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...

Synesthesia

Synesthesia

Synesthesia is a remarkable condition where stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. People with synesthesia experience a blending or crossing of their senses, such as sight and sound, leading to cross-modal sensations. In this condition, the stimulation of one sense, such as hearing a number or musical note, triggers an experience of another sense, like sensing a specific color, taste, or smell. People...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

Published on: July 30, 2020

Sensation in cross-finger flaps

J P Nicolai, G Hentenaar

|February 1, 1981

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Younger patients (<20 years) achieve better sensation after cross-finger flap surgery. Optimal two-point discrimination, a measure of tactile sensation, typically occurs within one year post-operation.

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Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

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Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

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A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

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Published on: June 2, 2009

Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Reconstructive Surgery
Hand Surgery

Background:

Cross-finger flaps are a reconstructive technique used in hand surgery.
Assessing sensory recovery is crucial for functional outcomes after flap surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate long-term sensory recovery after cross-finger flap procedures.
To identify factors influencing sensory outcomes, specifically two-point discrimination.

Main Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 51 patients who underwent cross-finger flap surgery.
Assessment of two-point discrimination at intervals from one to six years postoperatively.

Main Results:

Patients under 20 years old demonstrated superior sensory recovery.
Two-point discrimination generally reached its peak improvement within the first year.
Long-term follow-up (up to six years) showed sustained sensory levels.

Conclusions:

Age is a significant factor in achieving good sensation following cross-finger flaps.
Early sensory recovery is indicative of long-term outcomes, with maximal potential reached within a year.