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Steroid-responsive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and immune complexes

J Kanzaki, T Ouchi

    Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Steroid treatment can improve idiopathic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, especially when autoimmune mechanisms are suspected. Early immunologic testing is crucial for patients over 30.

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    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Immunology
    • Rheumatology

    Background:

    • Idiopathic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (BSNHL) can progress acutely.
    • Some cases of BSNHL have shown positive responses to steroid therapy.
    • Long-term steroid administration may maintain improved hearing levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of steroid treatment in patients with idiopathic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
    • To investigate the potential role of autoimmune mechanisms in BSNHL.
    • To determine the necessity of immunologic examinations for specific patient groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Study included forty cases of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
    • Audiometry was used to confirm hearing deterioration.
    • Immune complex (IC) levels were measured in a subset of patients.

    Main Results:

    • Eight out of fifteen cases showed marked hearing improvement with steroid treatment.
    • These responsive cases included syphilitic deafness, aortitis syndrome, and cases with unknown autoimmune causes.
    • Elevated IC values were found in four of 25 cases, with three responding to steroids.

    Conclusions:

    • Steroid therapy is a viable treatment option for certain cases of idiopathic BSNHL.
    • Autoimmune mechanisms may underlie some cases of BSNHL.
    • Immunologic examinations, including IC levels, are recommended for patients over 30 with BSNHL, particularly those with elevated IC values, due to potential links with conditions like lupus nephritis.

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