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Changes in lipid synthesis in rat adipose tissue during development

M Tsujikawa, S Kimura

    Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Postnatal development in rats shows minimal fatty acid synthesis and insulin sensitivity in suckling periods. After weaning, these increase rapidly, but decline later, especially with high-fat diets.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Physiology
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Lipogenesis, the process of fatty acid synthesis, is crucial for energy storage in adipose tissue.
    • Understanding the regulation of lipogenesis during postnatal development is essential for metabolic health.
    • Key enzymes like ATP citrate lyase and acetyl CoA carboxylase play vital roles in lipogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the developmental changes in lipogenesis in rat adipose tissue.
    • To assess the role of insulin sensitivity in regulating lipogenesis during postnatal growth.
    • To examine the impact of weaning and high-fat diet on lipogenic enzyme activities.

    Main Methods:

    • Measuring the incorporation of labeled glucose into lipids in isolated fat cells.
    • Assessing the activities of key lipogenic enzymes: ATP citrate lyase and acetyl CoA carboxylase.
    • Comparing lipogenesis and enzyme activities in suckling rats, weaned rats, and rats weaned onto a high-fat diet.

    Main Results:

    • Fatty acid synthesis from glucose and insulin sensitivity were negligible in suckling rats, increasing significantly after weaning.
    • Activities of ATP citrate lyase and acetyl CoA carboxylase were low in suckling rats, rising sharply post-weaning.
    • Rats weaned onto a high-fat diet exhibited reduced glucose incorporation into fatty acids and lower insulin sensitivity and enzyme activities.

    Conclusions:

    • Lipogenesis in rat adipose tissue undergoes significant developmental changes post-weaning, influenced by diet.
    • Insulin sensitivity and key lipogenic enzyme activities mature after weaning but can be negatively impacted by high-fat diets.
    • These findings highlight the critical role of diet composition during the weaning period in shaping metabolic pathways like lipogenesis.

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