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Mutagenicity testing with Salmonella microsome test

H Greim, W Göggelmann, K H Summer

    Archives of Toxicology
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This bacterial mutagenicity test uses Salmonella typhimurium strains and rat liver S-9 fraction to detect chemical-induced mutations. It accurately identifies mutagens, with 85-93% of known carcinogens testing positive.

    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Genetics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Mutagenicity testing is crucial for assessing chemical safety.
    • In vitro systems are valuable for initial screening of potential mutagens.
    • Metabolic activation is essential for detecting the mutagenic potential of many compounds.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe an in vitro mutagenicity test system.
    • To evaluate the system's ability to detect base pair substitutions and frame shift mutations.
    • To assess the correlation between chemical carcinogenicity and mutagenicity in this system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizes five Salmonella typhimurium strains as target cells.
    • Incorporates rat liver S-9 fraction for metabolic activation.

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  • Incubates bacterial cells with chemicals, S-9 fraction, and co-factors on histidine-deficient agar.

    • Main Results:

    • The test system detects both base pair substitution and frame shift mutations.
    • High metabolic activity is achieved using S-9 from rats pretreated with chlorinated biphenyls.
    • 85-93% of chemical carcinogens were identified as mutagens in this assay.

    Conclusions:

    • The in vitro mutagenicity test system is effective in identifying mutagens.
    • The system provides qualitative, rather than quantitative, information on mutagenic effects.
    • Extrapolation to humans requires consideration of the system's focus on metabolic activation over inactivation.