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Current techniques of nutritional assessment

J P Grant, P B Custer, J Thurlow

    The Surgical Clinics of North America
    |June 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Accurate hospital nutritional assessment remains challenging despite available techniques. Future research focuses on body composition and function, but clinical judgment is crucial for current patient evaluation.

    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Nutrition
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Current hospital nutritional assessment techniques are widely used but lack clinical accuracy.
    • Interpretation of nutritional data is hindered by reliance on norms and questionable test validity.
    • Growing interest in nutrition has spurred new investigative efforts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current nutritional assessment techniques in hospitals.
    • To identify limitations in achieving accurate and clinically meaningful assessments.
    • To propose essential components for a minimum nutritional assessment.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing nutritional assessment techniques in the hospital setting.
    • Discussion of challenges in data interpretation.
    • Identification of promising areas for future research, including body composition and substrate utilization.

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    Main Results:

    • Existing nutritional assessment methods provide abundant data but limited accuracy.
    • Reliance on normative data and the validity of individual tests for whole-patient assessment are questionable.
    • New research directions include total body neutron activation, isotope dilution, and functional evaluations.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate and comprehensive nutritional assessment techniques are still needed.
    • Clinical judgment remains paramount in the absence of definitive methods.
    • A minimum assessment should include weight, weight change, serum albumin, transferrin, total lymphocyte count (TLC), delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing (DTHR), and muscle function evaluation.