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The essential trace elements

W Mertz

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 18, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Essential trace elements are vital for human health, with recent research identifying new roles for elements like chromium, copper, zinc, and selenium. Understanding these trace elements is crucial for preventing diseases linked to their deficiencies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Science
    • Biochemistry
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Essential trace elements are crucial micronutrients for human health, required in specific daily amounts.
    • Recent research has expanded the list of essential trace elements beyond iron and iodine.
    • Deficiencies in elements like chromium, copper, zinc, and selenium are increasingly recognized in populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the expanding knowledge of essential trace elements and their functions.
    • To underscore the public health implications of trace element imbalances.
    • To emphasize the need for further research into mechanisms and diagnostic methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent scientific literature on trace element research.
    • Identification of newly established essential trace elements.

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  • Analysis of deficiency signs in free-living populations.
  • Examination of evidence for essentiality in animal models.

    • Main Results:

    • Six trace elements, previously unknown in function, have been identified as essential.
    • Deficiency signs for chromium, copper, zinc, and selenium are now documented.
    • Four additional trace elements were proven essential for animal models in the last decade.
    • Trace element imbalances are linked to significant public health diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • A deeper understanding of trace element functions is critical.
    • Improved analytical and diagnostic tools are needed to assess human trace element status.
    • Establishing cause-and-effect relationships for trace element imbalances requires further investigation.