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Streptococcal pharyngitis--rapid diagnosis by Gram stain

S C Sharma, P V Subbukrishnan

    Postgraduate Medical Journal
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis can be faster and just as accurate using a direct Gram stain smear compared to traditional throat cultures. This method offers a speedy alternative for identifying Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Diagnostic Medicine

    Background:

    • Pharyngitis is commonly caused by Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GABHS).
    • Accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and preventing complications.
    • Traditional diagnosis relies on throat culture, which can be time-consuming.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Gram-stained smears of pharyngeal secretions compared to throat cultures for GABHS.
    • To determine the speed and efficiency of Gram staining as a diagnostic tool for streptococcal pharyngitis.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 519 patients presenting with pharyngitis.
    • Isolation of GABHS via throat culture.
    • Microscopic examination of Gram-stained smears from pharyngeal secretions.

    Main Results:

    • GABHS were identified in 9.8% of patients (51 out of 519).
    • Gram-stained smears demonstrated a mean sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 89%, and positive predictive value of 69%.
    • Gram staining proved to be as accurate as throat culture, with a significantly faster turnaround time.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct Gram staining of pharyngeal smears is a reliable and rapid method for diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis.
    • This technique offers a valuable, speedy alternative to conventional throat cultures in clinical settings.
    • Implementing Gram staining can expedite the diagnosis and management of GABHS infections.

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